Suprematism (Russian: Супремати́зм) was an abstract art movement founded in Russia by the artist Kazimir Malevich. It was publicly announced in 1915 at the "Last Futurist Exhibition of Paintings 0.10" in Petrograd, where Malevich exhibited works that radically broke from all prior forms of representational art. The movement's name refers to Malevich's belief in "the supremacy of pure artistic feeling" over the depiction of objects. Its goal was to free art from the practical, objective world and allow it to become an expression of pure, universal sensation.

The core of Suprematist philosophy is non-objectivity. Malevich sought to create a visual language of basic geometric forms (such as squares, circles, and lines) and a limited range of colors. These forms were not intended to symbolize or represent anything from the visible world; instead, they were vessels of pure feeling. His iconic 1915 painting, Black Square , was presented as the "zero point" of art, a new beginning where all previous artistic conventions were wiped away. The white backgrounds in his paintings were meant to represent an infinite space or cosmos in which these geometric forms float in dynamic relation to one another.

Suprematism soon found itself in ideological conflict with Constructivism , another Russian avant-garde movement. While the Constructivists adopted Suprematism's abstract vocabulary, they rejected its mystical and spiritual aims, arguing that art must serve a functional, social purpose for the new Soviet state. Malevich, however, insisted on art's autonomous, spiritual role. By the 1930s, the Soviet government suppressed all avant-garde art in favor of Socialist Realism. Despite its short duration, Suprematism's radical leap into non-objective art had a significant influence on the development of modern art, impacting movements like De Stijl and the Bauhaus .